Discover the secret of Marianas Trench

Discover the secret of Marianas Trench .

The Mariana Trench or Marianas Trench is the deepest part of the world's oceans. It is located in the western Pacific Ocean, an average of 200 kilometres (124 mi) to the east of the Mariana Islands, in the Western Pacific East of Philippines. It lies on the bottom of the Pacific Northwest , to the east of the Mariana Islands .

It reaches a maximum-known depth of 10,994 metres (36,070 ft). It was first explored in 1951 by the Royal Navy 's Challenger II , so it was named the deepest part of the Mariana Trench, the Challenger Chasm . Using techniques reflection of sound waves , the ship Challenger II measured a depth of 5960 fathoms(10,900 m) at coordinates 11 ° 19 'North and 142 ° 15' East.

In 1984 , Japan sent the Takuyo , a highly specialized survey vessel to the Mariana Trench for data collection using multiple beam and narrow-beam reflex receivers; They report a maximum depth of 10,924 m (35,840 ft). The most accurate measurements have been made on the detector Kaiko Japanese on December 24 month 3 year 1995 results 10 911 m (35 798 ft).

The trench is not the part of the seafloor closest to the center of the Earth. This is because the Earth is not a perfect sphere; its radius is about 25 kilometres (16 mi) less at the poles than at the equator. As a result, parts of the Arctic Ocean seabed are at least 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) closer to the Earth's center than the Challenger Deep seafloor.

In 2008, the deepest living fish of the ocean, at a depth of 7,700 meters at the Japanese trenches, was found, and other organisms such as crustaceans were found in deeper places.

On 1 June 2009, sonar mapping of the Challenger Deep by the Simrad EM120 sonar multibeam bathymetry system for deep water, mapping aboard the RV Kilo Moana (mothership of the Nereus vehicle), indicated a spot with a depth of 10,971 metres (35,994 ft).

The Mariana Trench is a site chosen by researchers at Washington University and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in 2012 for a seismic survey to investigate the subsurface water cycle. Using both ocean-bottom seismometers and hydrophones the scientists are able to map structures as deep as 97 kilometres (60 mi) beneath the surface.

In July 2011, a research expedition deployed untethered landers, called dropcams, equipped with digital video and lights to explore this region of the deep sea. Amongst many other living organisms, some gigantic single-celled amoebas with a size of more than 10 cm (4 in), belonging to the class of xenophyophores were observed. Xenophyophores are noteworthy for their size, their extreme abundance on the seafloor and their role as hosts for a variety of organisms.

On 17 March 2013, researchers reported data that suggested microbial life forms thrive within the trench.

In December 2014, a new species of snailfish was discovered at a depth of 8,145 m (26,722 ft), breaking the previous record for the deepest living fish seen on video, and extended in May 2017 when another unidentified type of snailfish was filmed at a depth of 8,178 metres (26,800 ft) in the Mariana Trench.

During the 2014 expedition, several other new species were also filmed, including huge crustaceans known as supergiants. Deep sea species are also known to grow much larger than their shallow water relatives. This is known as marine gigantism.

Marianas Trench is a mysterious environment at the deepest of the sea, also the deepest place in the world, is slowly being explored by the scientific community.